English Question ?
Question: What do you mean when you say ....
1. Of course, the way Generation (D)umb and Generation (X)tremely Dumb have screwed up the language with their 'jargon'... AmeriKan English in no longer exact enough for technical use.
2. English was screwed up long before the modern generation got its grubby paws on it, and jargon and slang have been injected into it for centuries. And in truth, English (and most other languages) has never been exact enough for truly good technical use. Its conjunctions do not reflect any sort of consistent logic system, such as Boolean logic. And its nouns are fuzzy in definition at best. Often times, such as in Law, a special set of rules and definitions must be created for a language to be used in a technical manner, and this set of rules and definitions doesn't always (or even usually) completely line up with the accepted or common definition or use of the word, which creates confusion .
Answers: First to answer Auntie’s question – I don’t think it is true to say any language is ‘screwed up’. There are many levels of language. What we need for every day communication is different from what we need for poetry, what we need for poetry is different from what we need for discussing medicine, and we need to be able to define our terms clearly in any intellectual discussion. The kinda like, you know, huh, loose talk you use hangin out with your buddies won’t do for discussing literary criticism, and the language of literary criticism would get you laughed out of the pool hall. Anyone who studies linguistics knows that there are dozens of ‘registers’ of the same language, each appropriate for different areas of use and study. Any outsider has to learn the register if s/he wants to participate in that theatre of debate. And jargon and slang are wholly appropriate and often funny and witty in the right circumstances. So 1 and 2 above both strike me as dumb statements that misunderstand the many uses of language.
I have objections to pretty much everything MOHIT has to say!
1. English spelling is not as predictable as that of many other languages but it is nothing like as wayward as many people make it out to be. Most words follow reasonably predictable rules. ('Pygmalion' is a) for entertainment and b) dated in terms of linguistics.) Words such as cough/bough/through/trough/rough constitute a tiny number of the totality of English words and don't deserve the special attention they get as examples of how whacky English spelling is supposed to be.
2. Phrasal verbs are not always slang by any means, although they are often used in less formal language than the equivalent Latin based verbs (e.g., go down v. descend.) They are certainly difficult for for foreign learners.
3. Idioms in any language are phrases whose meaning is not obvious from the words in the phrase. They are not 'insanely difficult' because they can be learned as 'chunks',e.g., 'she let the cat out of the bag' = she revealed a secret. Also there is a surprising number of idioms that are the same or similar in many languages.
4. English is not a 'complex admixture' of languages - it's 80% Germanic in grammar and vocabulary. It has a large number of Latin based words,and this is a big help for learners whose mother tongue is a Romance language,e.g., Spanish Italian or French. Greek loan words tend to belong to specialist registers such as medicine or rhetoric, so they need not trouble most learners.
5. English is not 'objectively much harder' than any other language because any difficulty is in the eye of the learner - if languages are similar to your own, they are easier to learn providing you have the aptitude and motivation. If they are very different you find more challenge. English does make use of a number of 'de-lexicalised verbs' such as do, make, get, but teachers should be skilled enough to present them as 'chunks' of meaning.
6. English has about 303 irregular verbs,which is quite a lot, BUT only about 10 of these are the most common: many of them need not trouble foreign learners at all. Irregular pasts and past participles can be learned like vocab items and all teachers of English know that they are among the first items learners pick up. No irregular verb follows an irregular pattern in periphrastic verb forms, only in its participles.
Unlike most other languages English doesn't have a set phonetic pronunciation for every word. If you have ever seen the musical My Fair Lady or read the Book Pygmalion then you could easily see this concept.
Then there are things like phrasal verbs (which, I'll call a kind of slang for argument's sake). Phrasal verbs are those verb phrases that we know so well and use so often that most often consist of some basic verb plus a preposition or adverb that then changes the meaning of the verb. Take for example, the verb to MAKE. Then add some prepositions/adverbs to it:
to make OUT (= to kiss and smoosh faces with someone passionately) to make UP (=to do at a later time, as with a test; to get back on good terms with someone you might have been fighting with) to make OVER (=to complete redo, as with getting a whole new wardrobe, look, etc.)
See what I mean? :P These phrasal verbs are some of the hardest things for non-native English speaking to learn, and to be able to use correctly.
Spellings in english is hard...because so many words have extra letters that you don't need...like through...psycology.The fact that the spelling is far from phonetic - the same combinations of letters can stand for totally different words, like the ough in tough , though , drought , etc.
Its pronunciation, and all the words that sound the same but arent, like see and sea, wander and wonder. it makes it hard to follow ppl sometimes, especially when accents are involved.
In most words that end in e , the vowel is
long (says it's name) bake, take, fate, smite, home, phone.
The idioms are insanely difficult for others to understand. ( Rains cats and dogs, see the light, etc.)
Because these languages are phonetic not English.Phonetic here means that you can predict the pronunciation from the spelling, and predict the spelling from the pronunciation ...
1. Of course, the way Generation (D)umb and Generation (X)tremely Dumb have screwed up the language with their 'jargon'... AmeriKan English in no longer exact enough for technical use.
2. English was screwed up long before the modern generation got its grubby paws on it, and jargon and slang have been injected into it for centuries. And in truth, English (and most other languages) has never been exact enough for truly good technical use. Its conjunctions do not reflect any sort of consistent logic system, such as Boolean logic. And its nouns are fuzzy in definition at best. Often times, such as in Law, a special set of rules and definitions must be created for a language to be used in a technical manner, and this set of rules and definitions doesn't always (or even usually) completely line up with the accepted or common definition or use of the word, which creates confusion .
Answers: First to answer Auntie’s question – I don’t think it is true to say any language is ‘screwed up’. There are many levels of language. What we need for every day communication is different from what we need for poetry, what we need for poetry is different from what we need for discussing medicine, and we need to be able to define our terms clearly in any intellectual discussion. The kinda like, you know, huh, loose talk you use hangin out with your buddies won’t do for discussing literary criticism, and the language of literary criticism would get you laughed out of the pool hall. Anyone who studies linguistics knows that there are dozens of ‘registers’ of the same language, each appropriate for different areas of use and study. Any outsider has to learn the register if s/he wants to participate in that theatre of debate. And jargon and slang are wholly appropriate and often funny and witty in the right circumstances. So 1 and 2 above both strike me as dumb statements that misunderstand the many uses of language.
I have objections to pretty much everything MOHIT has to say!
1. English spelling is not as predictable as that of many other languages but it is nothing like as wayward as many people make it out to be. Most words follow reasonably predictable rules. ('Pygmalion' is a) for entertainment and b) dated in terms of linguistics.) Words such as cough/bough/through/trough/rough constitute a tiny number of the totality of English words and don't deserve the special attention they get as examples of how whacky English spelling is supposed to be.
2. Phrasal verbs are not always slang by any means, although they are often used in less formal language than the equivalent Latin based verbs (e.g., go down v. descend.) They are certainly difficult for for foreign learners.
3. Idioms in any language are phrases whose meaning is not obvious from the words in the phrase. They are not 'insanely difficult' because they can be learned as 'chunks',e.g., 'she let the cat out of the bag' = she revealed a secret. Also there is a surprising number of idioms that are the same or similar in many languages.
4. English is not a 'complex admixture' of languages - it's 80% Germanic in grammar and vocabulary. It has a large number of Latin based words,and this is a big help for learners whose mother tongue is a Romance language,e.g., Spanish Italian or French. Greek loan words tend to belong to specialist registers such as medicine or rhetoric, so they need not trouble most learners.
5. English is not 'objectively much harder' than any other language because any difficulty is in the eye of the learner - if languages are similar to your own, they are easier to learn providing you have the aptitude and motivation. If they are very different you find more challenge. English does make use of a number of 'de-lexicalised verbs' such as do, make, get, but teachers should be skilled enough to present them as 'chunks' of meaning.
6. English has about 303 irregular verbs,which is quite a lot, BUT only about 10 of these are the most common: many of them need not trouble foreign learners at all. Irregular pasts and past participles can be learned like vocab items and all teachers of English know that they are among the first items learners pick up. No irregular verb follows an irregular pattern in periphrastic verb forms, only in its participles.
Unlike most other languages English doesn't have a set phonetic pronunciation for every word. If you have ever seen the musical My Fair Lady or read the Book Pygmalion then you could easily see this concept.
Then there are things like phrasal verbs (which, I'll call a kind of slang for argument's sake). Phrasal verbs are those verb phrases that we know so well and use so often that most often consist of some basic verb plus a preposition or adverb that then changes the meaning of the verb. Take for example, the verb to MAKE. Then add some prepositions/adverbs to it:
to make OUT (= to kiss and smoosh faces with someone passionately) to make UP (=to do at a later time, as with a test; to get back on good terms with someone you might have been fighting with) to make OVER (=to complete redo, as with getting a whole new wardrobe, look, etc.)
See what I mean? :P These phrasal verbs are some of the hardest things for non-native English speaking to learn, and to be able to use correctly.
Spellings in english is hard...because so many words have extra letters that you don't need...like through...psycology.The fact that the spelling is far from phonetic - the same combinations of letters can stand for totally different words, like the ough in tough , though , drought , etc.
Its pronunciation, and all the words that sound the same but arent, like see and sea, wander and wonder. it makes it hard to follow ppl sometimes, especially when accents are involved.
In most words that end in e , the vowel is
long (says it's name) bake, take, fate, smite, home, phone.
The idioms are insanely difficult for others to understand. ( Rains cats and dogs, see the light, etc.)
Because these languages are phonetic not English.Phonetic here means that you can predict the pronunciation from the spelling, and predict the spelling from the pronunciation ...
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